Amputee Outdoors
Outdoor adventures can feel intimidating, especially if you’re an amputee.  It doesn't have to be.  

This was a last-minute situation.  I’d wanted to go solo camping over the weekend before my house became torn apart while we have the kitchen remodeled and my outdoor adventures are postponed. However, the schedule didn’t seem to allow that.  But on Saturday afternoon my schedule opened up and the opportunity to do an overnighter became a reality.                 I chose Annette Lake as it’s just over a half hour drive from my home, only about 3.5 miles to the lake from the trailhead and the elevation gain is a paltry 1,800 feet. The highest point is 3,600 feet so I could have a campfire.  Assuming I could find any dry wood.                 Arriving at the trailhead at 4:30pm I quickly started the ascent.  We’ve had quite a bit of rain lately and the trail has a lot of mud where small streams and brooks flow over the trail.  The hike up to the intersection with the Palouse to Cascades Trail, (formerly known as the John Wayne Trail) has some elevation gain to it but nothing too challenging.  As you make your way up to the Palouse to Cascades Trail, keep an eye out for an unusual concrete artifact on your left.  I’m assuming this is a remnant of the railroad system that once went along the P to C Trail, but I could be wrong.   Once past that intersection you’ll find the trail steepens.  Volunteers have built stairs and bridges up some of the steeper parts and across the riskier stream crossings.  A note about the stairs, each step is a puddle when it’s been raining and it’s nearly impossible to avoid stepping in them.  So, make sure your boots are waterproof if it’s been raining.            Not too long after crossing the PCT, you’re going to be doing a section of about eight switchbacks where the elevation gain is greatest, which may be why All Trails rates this as moderately challenging.  But I’m a 60-year-old amputee and consider this to be a moderate trail, so there’s a lot of subjectivity to their rating.                 After that, it’s a steady climb to another switchback after which the last half mile or so is a slow descent to the lake basin.  With the mud the downhill portions can be a little treacherous, so I recommend having hiking poles to help prevent slips and slides. In the last mile or so, there are also a handful of lingering snow patches next to or on the trail, but they aren’t enough to bother putting on crampons or even micro-spikes for.                 I arrived at Annette Lake at about 7:45pm.  Normally a hiker is expected to take about 2 hours to get to the lake, but with shooting video for my Amputee Outdoors  YouTube channel, it usually adds 30-45 minutes to the expected hike time.                 On the way up several day hikers coming down had informed me that at the T-intersection when you arrived at the lake, there were a couple of campers that had set up camp to the left.  I veered right at the T-intersection to see if I could find a quiet spot by the lake.  Sure enough, there was a perfect spot for a hammock camper.  This being the Pacific NorthWET, and rain was predicted, the first thing I did was set up my rainfly.  I have the OneWind 12x10 foot rainfly  and set it up in its asymmetrical diamond form to give me lots of room for my hammock and a fire.                 As if on cue the rain started as soon as the rainfly was up.  The smattering of rain falling from the trees on the rainfly as I set up my hammock, chair, and firebox was, honestly, relaxing.                 I wandered around the forest for a while gathering dry wood for my firebox , it’s one of those little metal boxes you assemble and feed twigs into.  I have a review  of it on Amputee Outdoors if you’re interested in getting one. Once I had a good bunch of wood, I got the fire started, cooked up a meal and relaxed with a beer or two.  Sitting by the lake, listening to the rainfall and the crackle of the wood in the firebox was very relaxing.  I sat there as the light faded and the night grew colder.  Letting the fire burn down after the second beer, I cleaned up my camp for the night and cocooned in my hammock.                  This being June in Washington, first light is at 5am.  Much too early.  I pulled the hood of my sleeping bag over my head and slept until 8am when nature forced the issue.  As it had rained all night, trying to start a fire with the twigs laying around was going to be a challenge.  Anticipating this I had brought along my Esbit alcohol stove and fired it up. Using that I enjoyed a breakfast of blueberry porridge and hot cocoa.  I took some time to admire the view of the lake, the wispy clouds moving back and forth across the mountains and the cool dampness my Californian wife can’t seem to acclimate to.                 The rain stopped for a while, so I took the chance to break camp.  Once done, I checked around for any left-over items, garbage, etc., (Leave no Trace) and headed back down the trail.                  The overnight rain had increased the size of all the puddles and made the mud patches larger.  So, again, waterproof boots are a must.  I extended the length of my poles once I had hiked up the trail that leads to the lake basin.  It was going to be all down hill from that point and having the poles taller gives you the ability to connect with the ground in front of you easier and with more control.                 Even with the rain, there were quite a few people heading up to the lake, I counted perhaps two dozen folks going up as I was going down.  This included a group of about six trail runners, one of which had a couple of bells attached to their backpack.  This was probably to alert any mountain lions or bears to their presence, but they also work to let slow, one-legged hikers know they’re coming so they can get out of the way too.                 If you live in the Seattle-Bellevue area this is a great little hike with a few good campsites.  It’s right off exit 47 on I-90 and has a large parking lot at the trailhead with a toilet.  Recommended Gear Used on This Overnighter ·         Camping Stove – G4Free Portable Wood Stove ·         Shock Absorbing Hiking Poles – Ahoye Anti Shock Poles ·         Rainfly – OneWind 12ft Ultralight Silnylon Rainfly ·         Camp Chair – G4Free Folding Chair ·         Waterproof Boots – Free Soldier Waterproof Boots ·         3 Season Sleeping Bag – Geertop Lightweight Sleeping Bag ·         Alcohol Stove – Esbit 5 Piece Cook Set ·         Overnight Backpack – G4Free 50L Backpack Here's my reviews of other hikes and camping trips: Ipsut Creek Campground and Carbon River Trail Review Annette Lake Solo Camping Trip Report (it rained) Carbon River Trail to Ipsut Creek Trip Report Solo Camping at Pete and Spectacle Lakes Bandera Mountain – Easy to Moderate to Hard Solo Winter Hammock Camping at Lake Ollalie Poo Poo Point Hike Report Mason Lake Overnighter: Perfect Weather, Cold and Windy, Near Perfect Weather.

When : January 11th & 12th Conditions : On and off rain, some sun breaks, no snow. Requirements : If you are camping, get a permit at the Carbon River Ranger Station Length : 9-12 miles depending on if you take some of the smaller side trails. Elevation Gain : ~1,500 feet The Carbon River in the Mount Rainier National Park from the trail going to Ipsut Creek Campground This time of the year you’re not likely to see Mt. Rainier or even much of a view when hiking the Carbon River Trail to Ipsut Creek Campgrounds.  And that’s OK.  You’re not there for the views so much as you are there to take the time to soak in the beauty of an inland temperate rainforest. The hike is really more like an easy nature walk.  Only about 600 feet elevation gain by the time you get to the campground.  Which is good, because this gives you the time to relax and marvel at the old growth Western Red Cedars and Douglas Firs.  Some of these giants are 30+ feet in circumference and tower over their younger siblings.  Thick moss covers 90% of what you see in the forest and, yes, the air smells and feels fresher, more intense somehow. A moss covered tree growing out of a tree stump Along the way you’ll cross bridges that have been kept up from when the trail used to be a road.  When it’s cold like this use caution crossing them.  The wood is slick and just a little ice can by treacherous.  As you progress up the trail keep your eyes out for the Old Mine trail, Green Lake trail and the trail across the Carbon River to Chenius Falls.  The Old Mine and Chenious Falls trails are short, about a 1/3 of a mile and have little to no elevation gain.  The Green Lake trail on the other hand is a nine-mile round trip with an elevation gain of just under 1,500 feet. Just before you reach the Ipsut Creek Campground, you’ll encounter a stream with occasional delusions of grandeur in the spring when it thinks it’s a river.  This is the big washout that eliminated the road to the campground.  To cross this there are three single log bridges with a single handrail on each bridge.  Again, when wet or icy, these bridges are slippery so take your time, take small steps and keep your hand on the handrail. The campground has taken a beating over the years, with several trees having fallen on the campsites and some of the remaining picnic tables crushed under a fallen tree.  Nonetheless, there are plenty of good sites for tent or hammock camping along with bear boxes for your food and other smellables.   Further up the trail from the sign announcing your arrival at Ipsut Creek Campground, there are two solar powered toilets.  When I was there the weekend of January 11th, the first one was locked but the second was open.  Just past that there is a log cabin which is locked up.  At the back of the log cabin there is a covered area where you can get out of the rain if you’re not planning to set up a camp.  A picnic table at the Ipsut Creek Campground crushed under a large fallen tree Continue up the trail a little more and you’ll see the trail goes to Ipsut Falls.  To get to the falls you’ll go down a tiny valley and have to cross a stream.  There are two logs that have fallen across the stream which look like some folks have used as bridges.  They looked far too risky for my taste.  I was able to cross the stream hopping from rock to rock, using my hiking pole as a support.  If I can do that on a prosthetic leg, a healthy two-legged person should be able to manage with no problem.  Ipsut Falls is a beautiful mountain fall tucked away in the forest.  There’s not much room there to admire the falls, just enough to find a place to sit and take in the natural beauty and relax to the sounds of rushing water. I would have spent more time there, but it started to rain more, and I needed to get my camp set up. Back at the campground, I found a great location with an intact picnic table and a nearby bear box.  I rigged up my rainfly and hammock and assembled my sleep system, underquilt, Reflectix, sleeping bag and cocoon liner in the sleeping bag, (I’ll have a video of my camp on Amputee Outdoors in a week or two.)  Note, campfires aren’t allowed in the Mount Rainier National Park, so instead of sitting around a campfire contemplating the meaning of life, I relaxed with a cup of hot cocoa and read my copy of Beowulf. Darkness falls quickly in a valley like this, especially when surrounded by 200-300-foot-tall trees. Nighttime temperatures dropped to just under 30F, but I was warm enough that I had to unzip my sleeping bag a little. The morning revealed a layer of ice on the picnic table and the handle to the bear box was frozen shut requiring a sharp hit to loosen it. Breakfast was a healthy bowl of porridge and a cup of hot cocoa.  The camp breakdown was leisurely as I had no schedule to keep and I took my time on the hike back as I wanted to admire the old growth trees further.  Although the sky seemed to be threatening rain the whole way, I arrived back at the trailhead dry.  Of course, as soon as I started the drive home, it started to rain. Just beat it!  Carbon River Trail and its peripheral trails are a treasure and suitable for families, and folks new to the hiking and backpacking experience.  Here's my reviews of other hikes and camping trips: Ipsut Creek Campground and Carbon River Trail Review Annette Lake Solo Camping Trip Report (it rained) Carbon River Trail to Ipsut Creek Trip Report Solo Camping at Pete and Spectacle Lakes Bandera Mountain – Easy to Moderate to Hard Solo Winter Hammock Camping at Lake Ollalie Poo Poo Point Hike Report Mason Lake Overnighter: Perfect Weather, Cold and Windy, Near Perfect Weather.

Exploring the winter wonderland of Snoqualmie Pass on snowshoes, surrounded by snow-laden trees. Exploring the great outdoors is a thrilling experience, but it's crucial to be aware of the dangers that can come with cold weather. Hypothermia, a condition where the body loses heat faster than it can produce, can turn a fun adventure into a life-threatening situation if not properly managed. This is a real danger here in the Pacific NorthWET.  It’s not common to have severely below-freezing temperatures like they do in the Midwest or Northeast of the USA.  However, we do have very high levels of moisture.  Our snow is called the “Cascade Concrete” due to it freezing to a rock-like hardness.  This is because the ambient humidity level is so high.  Combine that with colder temperatures, and you’ve got a recipe for hypothermia. So, let's explore hypothermia, how to avoid it, and what to do if you or someone else is affected. What is Hypothermia? Hypothermia occurs when your body temperature drops below 95°F (35°C). The condition can quickly become serious, leading to confusion, lethargy, and even unconsciousness. It's often caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, wind, or water, making it a common risk for hikers, campers, and outdoor enthusiasts. This can happen quickly and without the victim realizing it.  Your sweat, ambient humidity, rain, wet snow, all combine to create a body heat-sucking situation that only needs the temperature to drop to below 40F for hypothermia to set in. How to Avoid Hypothermia Dress Appropriately: Layer Up:  Wear multiple layers of clothing to trap heat. Start with a moisture-wicking base layer, add an insulating layer, and finish with a waterproof and windproof outer layer. It’s also a good idea to bring one extra insulating layer to put on when you get to your campsite.  It’s easy to stay warm when you’re hiking, but when you stop, your body reduces heat generation and starts to cool down. Protect Extremities:  Wear hats, gloves, and thick wool socks to prevent heat loss from your head, hands, and feet. Stay Dry:  Wet clothing can rapidly increase heat loss. Always have a waterproof layer ready and change out of wet clothes as soon as possible.  This is a key aspect of winter camping in the Pacific NorthWET.  Bring extra socks (waterproof boots aren’t always), and a spare pair of gloves.  Your first pair of gloves can become wet and start pulling away body heat out of your hands. Stay Hydrated and Nourished: Drink Warm Fluids:  Warm beverages can help maintain your core temperature. Hot cocoa is a good choice, in addition to the heat of the liquid, the sugar in the cocoa will give your body caloric energy. Avoid alcohol, as it can lower your body temperature. Eat High-Energy Foods:  Consuming high-calorie snacks can provide the energy your body needs to generate heat. Take Breaks and Stay Active: Keep Moving:  Physical activity generates body heat. Take short breaks to rest, but avoid sitting still for too long. Find Shelter:  If conditions worsen, seek shelter from the wind and cold. A tent, tarp, or even a dense cluster of trees can provide protection. I strongly recommend bringing along one of those flimsy emergency blankets.  In a pinch you can rig up a shelter, wrap it around you or a buddy, or wrap it around your sleeping bag. What to Do If You or Someone Else is Suffering from Hypothermia Recognize the Signs: Mild Hypothermia:  Shivering, fatigue, loss of coordination, and confusion. Severe Hypothermia:  No shivering, slurred speech, drowsiness, and loss of consciousness. Take Immediate Action: Move to a Warm Location:  Get the person indoors or to a sheltered area. Remove any wet clothing. Warm the Body Gradually:  Use blankets, sleeping bags, and body heat to warm the person. Avoid direct heat sources like hot water or heating pads, as they can cause shock. Provide Warm Fluids:  If the person is conscious, give them warm (not hot) beverages. Avoid caffeinated drinks. Seek Medical Help: Call for Emergency Assistance:  Hypothermia can be life-threatening. Seek professional medical help as soon as possible. Monitor the Person:  Keep a close eye on their condition and be prepared to perform CPR if necessary. Staying informed and prepared can make all the difference when venturing into cold environments. By understanding hypothermia and taking preventive measures, you can ensure your outdoor adventures remain safe and enjoyable. This is a serious issue, so here's some further related reading: Hiking Between Scales: Celsius vs. Fahrenheit on the Trail 10 Must-Have Winter Camping Gear Essentials for Your Next Adventure Surviving Winter in the Pacific Northwest: Top Ten Tips for Hiking and Camping Like a Local Tips for the Cold and Rainy Season! Top Ten Winter Hiking Mistakes

Did you know that between just Memorial Day and Independence Day this year (2025), there were 27 backcountry rescue missions? Doesn't sound like a lot until you realize this is a 400% increase for the month of May and a 550% increase for June! What's driving this increase? Search and Rescue teams point to a combination of increased outdoor activity and inexperienced hikers/campers contributing to the spike in search and rescue operations, especially in regions with accessible mountain trails and severe weather conditions. Most rescues are preventable, stemming from lack of preparation, exceeding abilities, and underestimating environmental challenges. According to reporting from search & rescue teams and regional news, these rescues most frequently involved: Ill-prepared or inexperienced hikers tackling famous but challenging trails (Mailbox Peak, Mount Si, Snow Lake) People underestimating trail difficulty and weather conditions—often influenced by social media posts rather than thorough research Hikers venturing on treacherous terrain in inadequate footwear/clothing (“flip-flops” and street shoes) Failure to carry, or know how to use, the “Ten Essentials” (navigation tools, extra clothing, food/water, first aid, etc.) Many rescues were needed after dark or in deteriorating weather—about 26% occur between 8pm and midnight Unfamiliarity with route, starting too late in the day, and not informing anyone of plans In some cases, careless or reckless decisions (one involved a hiker lost while using drugs) Most rescued individuals lived outside the county or were new to backcountry hiking So, how do you avoid becoming a news story? Glad you asked. 10 Ways to Prevent Backcountry Rescues: Do Thorough Research: Know your intended route, check current trip reports, trail conditions, and understand the true difficulty of your hike—not just what’s posted on social media. Check the Weather (and Trail Reports): Weather in the Pacific Northwest mountains changes fast. Always check a credible forecast before departure and pay attention to warnings about snow, rain, or storms. Start Early: Begin your hike early in the day to allow ample time for completion in daylight. Carry the Ten Essentials: Bring navigation aids, extra clothing, sufficient food and water, fire starter, first aid kit, headlamp, sun protection, emergency shelter, knife/multi-tool, and a signaling device (like a whistle). Wear Appropriate Footwear and Clothing: Use sturdy, closed-toe hiking shoes/boots—never street shoes or flip-flops. Dress in layers suitable for rapidly changing mountain conditions. Know Your Limits: Be realistic—choose trails within your physical and technical abilities, and don’t overestimate your fitness. If you’re inexperienced, start with easier hikes. Tell Someone Your Plan: Always let a responsible person know your exact destination and expected return time. Don’t Go Alone (or Stay Together): Hike with a companion and keep your group together. If solo, carry a locator beacon, and be extra vigilant with preparation. Turn Back if Necessary: If you encounter difficult conditions, unexpected obstacles, or your group is tired—turn around in time. “Summit fever” leads to most accidents. Stay Put if Lost or Injured: If you become disoriented or hurt, don’t keep wandering . Stay put, stay warm, and signal for help—this increases your chance of timely rescue. Remember, Nature doesn't care if you live or die, and most backcountry rescues could be avoided, by utilizing the one thing we human beings have that has made us the dominant species on this planet, our intelligence. Use it and reduce the risk yourself, other outdoors adventurers and the volunteer rescuers who answer the calls. For more advice, tips and tricks, check out these pages: The Illusion of Speed: Why Going Off Trail is a Bad Idea 5 Ways to Not Be a Newbie on the Trail 3 Principles of Hiking & Backpacking 10 Tips on How to Prevent Car Break-Ins at a Trailhead Five Common Mistakes New Backpackers Make and How to Avoid Them

An image of a hiker of the future in a mountain forest with a head up display, wearing a rain jacket and kilt. When it comes to outdoor gear, every bit of progress matters. Each reduction in weight makes inclines easier and reduces stress on our joints. Every new safety device or improvement reduces the risks inherent in venturing into the wild.  Improvements in clothing materials and designs reduce the chances of sunburn or hypothermia. So, whether we’re gearing up for a mountain trail, setting camp under the stars on a prairie, or blazing a backcountry route in a forest, the right equipment can make all the difference. The beauty of this community is our willingness to put new gear through genuine, trail-tested conditions—because we know gear can always get better. Every backpacker, camper, and hiker is driven by a few universal forces: Safety : We head out to experience nature’s wild side—but no one wants to end up off-route, injured, or in danger. Weight : Every ounce in the pack adds up. Lighter gear means less strain, longer miles, and more ground covered. Enjoyment : We venture outdoors to lose ourselves in the scenery, find personal limits, and savor the thrill of the journey. With these motivations front and center, here are fresh gear ideas meant to tackle the challenges we all face—innovations to make our trips safer, lighter, and infinitely more enjoyable. And for any outdoor brands out there: if you build one of these, send it my way. I’ll gladly put it through the paces of a real adventure! 1.Adaptive Microclimate Jacket Clothing with built-in artificial intelligence climate control (actively warms or cools) and weather alert system. Basically, a smart jacket with sensors that automatically adjust insulation and ventilation based on body temperature, humidity, and weather, keeping hikers comfortable in dynamic conditions.   2.Blisters & Foot Soreness Gear Idea: Adaptive insole/shoe system that analyzes foot pressure and dynamically adjusts arch support, ankle fit, snugness of the boots, etc. 3.Sunburn/Overexposure Gear Idea: Transparent UV-blocking wearable film that analyzes exposure and alerts the user to reapply, or darkens automatically. We already have glasses that darken when exposed to sunlight, is it much of stretch to do something like that for fabric? 4.Battery/Power Failure Gear Idea: Ultra-lightweight foldable nano-solar mesh that charges devices in any light condition and can be worn as a bandana or clothing.  I have an umbrella hat, (you can find my review here ) that would be a great place to put a solar energy charging mesh on. 5.Wildlife Encounters Gear Idea: Ultrasonic animal-repelling belt that can identify and safely repel region-specific dangerous wildlife.  This one is a little tricky as we’d not want to damage the hearing of an animal, just repel it. 6.Medical Emergencies (unexpected health events) Gear Idea: Lightweight, wearable medical monitor patch that detects cardiac events/allergic reactions and alerts via satellite.  We already have satellite communications, adding a sensor worn around the arm or chest doesn’t sound like that much of a leap in technology. 7.Navigation in the Dark Gear Idea: LIDAR-enabled headlamp that projects a 3D visualization of terrain ahead with obstacle alerts, paired with auto-dimming for safety.  I’m guessing the military is already working on something like this.  If so, it’s only a matter of time before it would make into the retail market. 8.Dehydration Gear Idea: Wearable device that senses hydration status via sweat/blood chemistry and notifies at optimal times to drink, works with real-time smart water bottles.  You’ve heard the old saying, “If you feel thirsty, you’re already becoming dehydrated.”  Like the medical emergency idea, this could simply be a patch or perhaps a wrist band that beeps when your level of hydration is low. 9.Compact All-in-One Wilderness Recovery Kit A pocket-sized kit with rapid-use splints, wound-sealing spray, and pain-relief patches for emergency minor injuries, optimized specifically for trail mishaps.  This one may be more challenging that it sounds.  Many of us have created our own customized First Aid kits based on medical situations we’ve either personally faced or encountered.  The problem is the new medical situation we’re not prepared for.  A small First Aid kit that accounts for too many situations gets larger with every situation added. 10. Odor-Neutralizing Camp Bag A backpack insert lined with plant-based odor absorbers and bacteria-inhibitors, keeping food and gear fresh and deterring wildlife, all while remaining ultra-light.  I would love to have a backpack that absorbs odors.  Not just for bears or coyotes, but for all those crafty little squirrels and racoons. 11. Intelligent Trail Companion App A wearable AR device or goggle that overlays personalized route suggestions, weather alerts, wildlife identification, and emergency instructions without relying on a cell signal.  Something like Meta glasses, but for back country use.  Perhaps some companies are already working on ideas like these, I hope so.  Many other ideas for hiking, backpacking and camping have come and gone (read my last post about flops ) so while these ideas may sound good on paper, it’s up to us to test them and prove their worth.  Gear, it's essential to our enjoyment of the outdoors. Here's a few other pages about gear you may want to read: Notorious Outdoor Gear Flops 10 Must-Have Winter Camping Gear Essentials for Your Next Adventure Evolution of the Hiking Backpack: A Journey from Burdens to Companions (1950s - Present) 10 Items Not On Your Usual Backpacking Gear List The Great Debate: Nalgene, Smart Water, or Water Bladder?

We've all been there: staring up at a seemingly endless switchbacks, the designated trail zig-zagging back and forth, adding extra distance to your climb. Just a few steps straight up, a quick cut through the bushes, and you'd save precious minutes. It's the ultimate temptation on the trail—the shortcut. Or that social trail that goes off to what must be a great view. Perhaps it's a trail that's too tough for others, but not you. But here’s the critical truth: Going off-trail is never a good idea. While it might save you a moment of physical effort, or the view is spectacular, and others have done it, the choice comes at a steep cost to your safety, the environment, and the longevity of the trail itself. These unofficial paths are a pervasive problem in our parks and wilderness areas. The Danger: Shortcuts Compromise Safety Established trails are deliberately designed with safety and sustainability in mind. When you wander off the marked path, you enter a zone of unpredictable risk. Sauk Mountain Leaving maintained trails often means traversing unstable ground, which increases the risk of slips, sprained ankles, broken bones, or even fatal falls. Shortcuts frequently cut across steep terrain, as seen on Sauk Mountain in Washington, where three hikers have died falling from switchbacks in recent years—the most recent being a 63-year-old man  in September 2025. Shortcutting led to his fall, despite warnings to stay on the built trail. Rescue efforts are more difficult off-trail, and in national parks, going off designated routes has contributed to thousands of missing person cases annually.   Point Reyes National Seashore A shortcut at Alamere Falls in Point Reyes National Seashore led to dozens of rescues each year, sometimes as frequently as once per week . The path involved crossing tricky terrain and a dangerous shale crevice, resulting in injuries and hazardous encounters with poison oak. Official Park guidance now strongly warns hikers away from the shortcut because of its risk and impact. The Damage: Shortcuts Destroy Trails and Ecosystems For parks and conservationists, the environmental damage caused by shortcuts is often the most frustrating consequence. Every single time a shortcut is taken, it leaves a scar on the land that can take years, even centuries, to heal. Erosion and Trail Degradation Rerouting Water:  Established trails are engineered to manage water runoff. When hikers cut a switchback (a zigzag path), their boot traffic creates a straight, steep channel. The next rainstorm sees water rapidly flowing down this new channel, washing away soil and carving out deep "gullies." This erosion degrades the entire slope, not just the shortcut, eventually undercutting and destabilizing the official trail. National Park Advice:  Park services, like the U.S. National Park Service (NPS), consistently emphasize that taking shortcuts is a primary cause of trail erosion. As Yosemite National Park advises, "stay on trails: taking shortcuts causes trail erosion—and is both dangerous and illegal." Destruction of Fragile Vegetation Trampling: Trails are built where the ground is most resilient. When you step off-trail, you are often trampling fragile plants and compacting the soil. In high-altitude or arid environments, this damage is especially severe. Alpine tundra  plants, for example, can take hundreds of years to recover once destroyed by foot traffic. Habitat Loss:  Stepping off-trail can crush small plants, fungi, and disrupt the delicate habitats of small animals. These social trails fragment and disrupt the natural environment, turning biologically rich areas into barren, eroded patches. Legal Trouble: Yes, You Can Be Sued for Going Off Trail The Case of Michelino Sunseri In September 2024, Michelino Sunseri , a sponsored trail runner, ascended and descended the 13,775-foot peak of Grand Teton in under three hours, a phenomenal feat. However, during the descent he took a shortcut : rather than following the full set of switchbacks on the official Garnet Canyon Trail, he left the designated trail via a path known as the “Old Climber’s Trail” (a previously used but officially closed route) to avoid slower hikers and shorten his time. The park had posted signage at the entry to that route: one sign reading “Shortcutting causes erosion,” another “Closed for regrowth.” In 2025 the case progressed to court: Sunseri was found guilty of violating federal regulation 36 CFR 2.1(b)  which prohibits “leaving a trail or walkway to shortcut between portions of the same trail or walkway” in a national park. The consequences: his speed record was disallowed by the FKT organization and legal penalties and potential fines and/or jail time. The Right Path: Choose to Leave No Trace To be a responsible hiker and backpacker, you must commit to the principle of Leave No Trace , and the first rule is simple: Stay on Marked Trails. Next time you're facing a long, winding switchback and feel the urge to cut the corner: Remember the Design:  The trail is longer for a reason—to make the climb easier and prevent irreversible damage to the hillside. Think of the Future:  Every shortcut you take creates a path that will be followed by countless others, compounding the damage and potentially leading to the trail being permanently rerouted or closed. Choose the Long Game:  The goal is a safe, sustainable journey. Stick to the designated trail and take pride in knowing your boots are helping to preserve the wilderness for everyone who follows. The path of least resistance for the land  is the official trail. Please stay on it. For more hiking advice, check out these pages: 10 Ways to Prevent Backcountry Rescues 5 Ways to Not Be a Newbie on the Trail 3 Principles of Hiking & Backpacking 10 Tips on How to Prevent Car Break-Ins at a Trailhead Five Common Mistakes New Backpackers Make and How to Avoid Them

Every hiker knows that weather can make or break a day outdoors. But when you check the forecast for a trail abroad, or use a local map with its own readings, you might find yourself pausing:  15°C—so… is that chilly or perfect?  Understanding how Celsius and Fahrenheit relate helps you plan, pack, and stay safe on the trail. Feeling the Difference Fahrenheit, used primarily in the United States, divides the temperature scale into smaller, easy-to-sense increments. Each degree change in Fahrenheit represents a smaller temperature difference than in Celsius—roughly half as much. That means a 5°F drop can feel subtle, while a 5°C drop (about 9°F) can take you from comfortable to cold in a snap. Celsius, favored in most of the world, uses water’s phase points as anchors: 0°C for freezing and 100°C for boiling. For hikers, that makes mental calibration simpler if you think in nature’s terms—water freezes at zero, becomes ice at that point, and turns to vapor near a hundred. The system feels more “natural” for reading weather tied to real environmental thresholds. Packing for Either System When navigating between systems, here’s a quick sense check: 0°C = 32°F: The freezing line. Expect frost, icy puddles, and stiff water bottles if you overnight outside. 10°C = 50°F: Light jacket weather; ideal for brisk morning ascents. 20°C = 68°F: Mild and comfortable for steady hiking. 30°C = 86°F: Hot and draining—hydrate often and plan shaded breaks. Rather than memorizing formulas, it helps to anchor memories to sensations: what gear you needed, how you felt, how quickly the chill crept in. Those lived experiences make you intuitive in either scale. Translating Trail Mindset For international hikers, conversions become part of trip prep. A rule of thumb works well: double the Celsius number, add 30, and you’ll get a ballpark Fahrenheit figure. It’s not perfect math, but enough to decide whether to pack your insulated layer or your sun hat. The bigger takeaway is how  context  shifts your thinking. A U.S. hiker used to seeing “90°F” as scorching might underestimate “32°C,” even though they mean the same heat wave. Misreading that scale could mean underhydrating or skipping shade breaks—mistakes that build fast on open trails. The Universal Measure: Comfort Ultimately, whether your thermometer reads Fahrenheit or Celsius, what matters is tuning into how your body reads temperature. Hikers learn through experience when to shed a layer, when dew signals near-freezing air, and when sweat lingers in humid heat. The numbers are just guides; comfort and awareness are the real metrics that keep you safe. An easy way to learn the equivalencies between Fahrenheit and Celsius is to get a thermometer that shows both. I recommend one of these old school thermometers, No batteries and a simple design with very little that can break down. As an Amazon Associate, I earn commission from qualifying purchases. https://amzn.to/4j9AcPe Preparing for cold weather, basically anything below 10°C or 50°F, is crucial so here's some links to other pages that can help you plan for that: Understanding and Preventing Hypothermia: Staying Safe in Winter 10 Must-Have Winter Camping Gear Essentials for Your Next Adventure Surviving Winter in the Pacific Northwest: Top Ten Tips for Hiking and Camping Like a Local Embracing the Challenge: Why Hike and Camp in the Snowy Wilderness Tips for the Cold and Rainy Season! Solo Winter Hammock Camping at Lake Ollalie Top Ten Winter Hiking Mistakes

Ever had a conversation with someone and realized you’re both using the same word, but defining it differently? This has happened to me a few times when talking about hiking, backpacking, and camping. This blog post isn’t going to be the definitive definition for those words, in fact, it might cause a few arguments, but here goes anyway. Hiking The word "hike" is believed to have originated from the Old English word "hican," which means "to walk" or "to move quickly." It is thought to be related to the Old Norse word "hikja," which has the same meaning. The word "hike" first appeared in the English language in the early 16th century, and it was originally used to refer to a quick, energetic walk. Over time, the meaning of the word "hike" has evolved to refer to a long walk or journey, particularly one taken in a natural setting such as the countryside or mountains. Today, the word "hike" is commonly used to refer to a long, leisurely walk or trek, often undertaken for enjoyment or exercise. For some, if the trail is under a mile and there’s little elevation gain, it’s a ‘nature walk’ and not a hike. For others, any stroll in nature counts as a hike. So, there’s some subjectivity to the word. Going a little further into the rabbit hole of definitions, some folks will use the word 'hike' to mean any trek that includes an overnight stay, and 'day hike' for those trekking adventures where you return home at the end of the day. Backpacking The word "backpacking" is a combination of the words "back" and "packing," which literally means "carrying a pack on the back." This term originated in the early 20th century, and it was first used to refer to the act of carrying a pack on one's back while hiking or traveling. The use of the word "backpacking" to refer specifically to outdoor activities such as hiking and camping, is believed to have originated in the United States in the 1960s. At this time, the term was used to refer to a style of outdoor recreation that involved carrying a backpack and camping in the wilderness for extended periods of time. Today, the word "backpacking" is commonly used to refer to outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and traveling, in which the participants carry all of their equipment and supplies in a backpack. Again, there’s some subjectivity here. Many of us call any walk in nature where you return that day, a hike or day hike. If you spend at least one night out, you were backpacking. And there's the definition of 'hiker' as opposed to 'backpacker'. A backpacker spends at least one night out in nature, a hiker returns to the trailhead at the end of the day. Camping The word "camping" is derived from the Old French word "camp," which means "field" or "open space." The word "camp" originated from the Latin word "campus," which means "field" or "open land." The use of the word "camping" to refer specifically to outdoor activities such as hiking and camping is believed to have originated in the United States in the late 19th century. At this time, the term was used to refer to the act of setting up a temporary shelter or dwelling in a natural setting, such as a field or forest. Today, the word "camping" is commonly used to refer to outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and traveling, in which the participants set up a temporary shelter and spend time in a natural setting. It is also used to refer to the act of staying in a campground or other type of outdoor accommodation. Here’s where things get interesting. There’s car camping , where you drive to the location and set up your tent/hammock/lean-to within a few yards of your car. Going a step further you have camping where you stay in a pre-built structure. Leaving civilization behind, there’s backpack camping where you carry everything and set up a shelter you bring with you for the night. Finally, there’s bushwhacking where you build a shelter using the materials found in the environment you’re in. I don’t think it matters too much what we call our outdoor adventures. A rose would still smell as sweet by any other name and nature will still be grand regardless of how we experience it. For more musings about hiking, check out these pages: Why Hiking Gear’s So Dang Expensive Now (and Why It’s Not Just Inflation) Five Mental Benefits of Hiking Just How Popular is the Great Outdoors and What's Driving It? Solo Hiking: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly

After you’ve been hiking and come home exhausted, have you also noticed you feel good? This is because hiking in nature is good for your mind and emotions. You also get an excellent physical workout too, so that’s a bonus. The benefits of hiking and being in nature are so great that some doctors are now prescribing it to their patients. Reduce Stress, Anxiety, Depression Spending time in nature has been shown to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, and increase feelings of physical well-being. This isn’t just the opinion of your crazy, tree-hugging friends. A study in 2018 showed that “…walking through forest areas decreased the negative moods of “depression-dejection”, “tension-anxiety”, “anger-hostility”, “fatigue”, and “confusion” and improved the participants’ positive mood of “vigor” compared with walking through city areas.” Got that? Hiking in nature is better than walking through town. Find some trees to walk amongst. Be More Creative Want to be more creative? Then take a hike. Hiking in nature removes us from the information-dense, high-impact, 5-second attention span world many of us live in. A peer-reviewed study in 2012 found that “…the corresponding disconnection from multi-media and technology, increases performance on a creativity, problem-solving task by a full 50% in a group of naive hikers.” That’s naïve hikers, newbies. If you’re a regular hiker you’re already operating at a higher level of creativity than your non-hiking co-workers. Stay Sharp as You Age Worried about losing your mental edge as you age? Hiking can help your brain stay sharp and functioning as you age according to the American Academy of Neurology . In their 2018 study, they found that physical exercise was associated, “with improved cognitive performance in older adults with and without cognitive impairment.” A study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found, “Aerobic exercise increases hippocampal volume in older women with probable mild cognitive impairment.” I’m 59 and plan on hiking until I drop. Stay Sane Hiking can help save you from mental illness. That’s a bold statement, but there is data to show it’s true. A study in 2015 showed that “Participants who went on a 90-min walk through a natural environment reported lower levels of rumination and showed reduced neural activity in an area of the brain linked to risk for mental illness compared with those who walked through an urban environment.” The opportunity to relax our minds, and just enjoy the natural world is something we don’t get to experience a lot in our modern world. ADHD When I was a kid, I was called fidgety and unruly so my parents would kick me outside and tell me to go play in the forest near where we lived. Turns out they were helping me with my undiagnosed ADHD. In a study published in 2004 by the National Library of Medicine, it was found that “Green outdoor settings appear to reduce ADHD symptoms in children across a wide range of individual, residential, and case characteristics.” Seems our parents and grandparents knew where we needed to be. In nature. For more musings about hiking, check out these pages: Why Hiking Gear’s So Dang Expensive Now (and Why It’s Not Just Inflation) Just How Popular is the Great Outdoors and What's Driving It? Solo Hiking: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly What do “hike”, “backpacking”, and “camping” etc., mean?

First of all, let me come clean and tell you I solo hike a lot. 95% of my hikes are solitary. Aside from the reasons below, I have one very crucial reason for hiking alone, I record my hikes for YouTube, (Check out my channel, Amputee Outdoors ). I will stop frequently and spend several minutes setting up my tripod, framing the shot, shooting the sequence 2-3 times, etc. I’ve found that most people get really tired of my doing that very quickly. Aside from my particular example, there are lots of good reasons to hike alone, several reasons you shouldn’t, and a few where it’s risky. Let’s start with the good. The Good Setting your own pace As mentioned above, I have a specific reason for hiking an extra hour or so. This is also true for a lot of other folks. You may have a pace that is slower or faster than others. You may like to take frequent breaks. Viewpoints that others may think are so-so, you may think to deserve a longer look. When it's just you, there’s no worrying about annoying anyone by slowing them down or making them feel like they are the slow ones. Peace and quiet For many folks, the absence of conversation is a highly sought-after joy. The chance to just walk along a trail and let your mind wander, with no one asking you questions, talking about work, the kids, the budget, etc., is a wonderful thing. It’s sort of like meditating but you’re getting a workout. Logistics I don’t know about you, but if I’m hiking with others, I find myself worrying if they’ve brought enough food and water. I’ll pack along extra just in case and that’s extra weight. There’s also the problem of meeting at the trailhead at a designated time and you’re running late (or they are) and there’s no cell phone reception in the mountains to let them know. Confidence building You’ve planned, practiced, and packed the right gear for the environment and weather. A few challenges came your way and you, all by yourself, were able to overcome them. The feeling of accomplishment and confidence that comes from that fills the soul. Changing your trail There’s been plenty of times when I’ve been hiking along, found a crossing trail, checked it out on the map, and decided to take a detour. No need to discuss and agree with anyone else. You may find yourself on a trail and for you, the conditions indicate it’s time to turn back. That’s your decision, no need to feel like you need to continue on because your hiking buddies feel like they can. Wasting time There’s been plenty of trails where I’ve stopped for a while and played around with different ways to set up my hammock and rainfly. Or practiced fire starting. Whatever I want. I’m just playing about with no concern for how long I might take to do it. The Bad It can get lonely For those that are more social, solo hiking is a bit of a strain. Having no one to talk with is unsettling and when you do find someone on the trail to talk with, you might find yourself overdoing it. Sitting around a campfire, drinking a beer, and eating freeze-dried food all by yourself can be pretty dull. Having friends sitting around that campfire with you is a lot more fun. You have to carry more Hiking and backpacking with a group means that gear can be spread across two or more backpacks. If it’s just you, you’re carrying the whole tent, all the food, the water filtration system, the bear barrel, etc. No one to share the joy with The bonding experience of hiking up to a peak and marveling at the view with your friends is like no other. It’s a shared memory that you and your friends will treasure forever. Not going to get that all by yourself. Your friends can reality-check you I’ve fallen victim to the “I can do this” thinking once or twice and really wish I’d had a friend with me to provide a more reasoned opinion. With a group of friends on a trail you have a mix of experiences and skills that can provide insight into a situation that you alone might not have. It’s all on you You’re setting up the tent, building the fire, rigging up the bear bag, filtering the water, cooking the food, chopping the wood, etc. Just you. Dividing that work among friends gets it all done sooner and you all move onto the camaraderie being out in nature together brings. The Ugly No one to help you if you’re injured or sick This is the worst-case scenario. You’ve cut your hand, broken a leg, drank some unfiltered water, whatever the case is, there’s no one to help you. Knowing this is a possibility, as a solo hiker, you have to take it into consideration. Plan for this. This will mean that your First Aid kit is a little larger than if you were with others. It also means that you must be honest about your abilities and limitations and by doing so, prevent problems. Is that stream flowing fast? Don’t cross it. Is it getting late? Set up camp now, it’s going to take longer by yourself. Is the trail steeper and muddier/icier than you planned? Time to turn back. Help! I’m lost! Even the most experienced hikers can get lost and one person alone in the woods is vulnerable. Don’t let those shows on the Discovery channel tell you otherwise! You have fewer resources, collective knowledge, and experience. Combine being lost with an injury and you’re very close to being on the news for the wrong reasons. Again, prevention is the key to making this problem not happen. A map, compass, and navigation app on your phone or a dedicated GPS device should be part of your gear every time you hit the trail. Check your map or navigation app frequently. On many trails, I will check my location at every junction, stream crossing, or landmark just to confirm I’m where I’m supposed to be. Whether you are solo hiking or with friends, preparation is key. Know where you’re going, and what the conditions will be like, review recent hiking reports, check your gear for wear and tear, make sure you’re taking the right gear for the conditions and environment, and most importantly, know yourself. For more musings about hiking, check out these pages: Why Hiking Gear’s So Dang Expensive Now (and Why It’s Not Just Inflation) Just How Popular is the Great Outdoors and What's Driving It? Five Mental Benefits of Hiking What do “hike”, “backpacking”, and “camping” etc., mean?

Lots of folks have written about how popular exploring the outdoors has become and lots of companies have been taking advantage of it. Lots of social media folks and YouTubers too, (yours truly included, check out Amputee Outdoors on YouTube). But just how popular? And what's driving it? I've done some research and was able to track down the number of National Park visits dating back to 1904. To make it easier to understand, I've put it all into this graph. That first little climb between 1932 and 1936 is when personally owned cars started becoming more available to the public purchasing limits. There was a dip during WWII. In 2002 a severe dip which I think was a collateral effect from September 11th, 2001. The sudden drop-off in 2020 is the result of COVID-19. Look at that sudden climb in 2012 and the fast recovery post-2020. What's going on there? I think there are four upward driving factors starting in 2012: The popularity of social media Social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok have become increasingly influential sources of information and inspiration for travelers, especially younger generations. Many people use social media to share their photos and videos of their trips, as well as to find and follow other travelers who post about their adventures. Social media can also create viral trends and challenges that motivate people to visit certain places or do certain activities. For example, the #FindYourPark and #RecreateResponsibly hashtags have been widely used by park visitors and advocates to promote and celebrate national parks. The centennial of the National Park Service In 2016, the National Park Service celebrated its 100th anniversary, which generated a lot of publicity and interest in national parks. The agency launched the Find Your Park campaign, which encouraged people to discover and explore the diverse and unique parks across the country. The campaign also featured celebrities, influencers, and partners who shared their stories and experiences in national parks. As a result, national park visitation reached a record high of 331 million in 2016. The diversity and accessibility of parks The United States has a rich and varied network of national and state parks that offer something for everyone. Whether people are looking for history, culture, wildlife, scenery, or adventure, they can find a park that suits their interests and preferences. Moreover, many parks are accessible and affordable, with low or no entrance fees, free or discounted passes, and various amenities and facilities. Some parks also have special programs and events that cater to different groups and communities, such as veterans, seniors, students, and families. The awareness and appreciation of nature More people are becoming aware and concerned about the environmental and social issues that affect the planet, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and social justice. They are also becoming more appreciative of the benefits and values of nature, such as health, well-being, and happiness. These factors can inspire and motivate people to visit national and state parks, where they can learn about and enjoy nature, as well as support conservation and stewardship efforts. More people enjoying the health (mental and physical) benefits of the outdoors and learning to appreciate the glorious beauty and value of our nation's natural landscapes is a good thing. To a point. In a follow-up article, I'll examine the downsides of so many folks experiencing the great outdoors. For more musings about hiking, check out these pages: Why Hiking Gear’s So Dang Expensive Now (and Why It’s Not Just Inflation) Solo Hiking: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly Five Mental Benefits of Hiking What do “hike”, “backpacking”, and “camping” etc., mean?

You’ve probably noticed it too. Gear that used to be a solid deal now makes your wallet hurt. A two-person tent that once ran about $150? You’re lucky to find one under $350 these days. And that’s before you get to poles, pads, or first aid kits. Even after factoring in inflation, the numbers still don’t add up. Something bigger’s going on— it’s as if the whole hiking scene itself changed.  It has. 1. Hiking Isn’t Just Hiking Anymore Roll back to the early 2000s and hiking felt simple—just you, a pack, and hopefully a decent weather window. Now it’s a lifestyle, wrapped up in wellness, travel, and who we are online. The crowd’s grown, and so have the expectations. People want lighter, comfier, better-looking, and more sustainable gear. Even the “budget” stuff has features that used to be high-end. Basically, base models got fancy. 2. The Death of the Bargain Bin Remember the days you could grab a $30 tent that barely survived one storm? Those options are pretty much gone—unless you’re buying from a gas station. Most brands ditched the “cheap and cheerful” approach. Their entry-level lines are now “starter quality,” not “use it once, toss it later.” That shift means everything costs more across the board. Better stuff, sure—but your wallet feels it. 3. Fancier Materials, Pricier Gear Even the basic gear today is using tech that used to be reserved for hardcore expedition setups. Aluminum instead of steel, silicone-coated fabrics, tensioned poles—it’s all slicker now. But the tradeoff? Costs shot up. Add supply chain chaos, shipping hikes, and smaller production batches, and the price never really settled back down. 4. Simplicity Got Complicated Take a look at tents—lighter poles, faster pitches, better weather resistance. Or sleeping bags—they’re warmer with less bulk. Even your trekking poles have shock absorbers and carbon shafts. None of that feels “simple” anymore. Tiny improvements stacked up, and suddenly that “basic gear” became a mini engineering project. 5. Hiking Gear Inflation Beat Normal Inflation This one stings: even after adjusting for inflation, hiking gear just outpaced everything else. Labor, materials, environmental standards, all of it got pricier. Add in customer expectations—lifetime warranties, tougher durability, sustainable sourcing—and prices aren’t dropping anytime soon. What That Means for Us on the Trail That’s why we’re seeing more folks trade, rent, and repair instead of always buying new. The used-gear market’s booming, ultralight minimalism is thriving, and people are rediscovering the joy of their local trails. It’s not that hikers got cheap—we just got creative. Trail Wisdom at the End of the Day Gear today really is better—but it’s also pricier for real reasons. Once you get that, it’s easier to pick your battles. Know when to splurge, when used gear will do just fine, and when “budget” means “good enough.” Because let’s face it—the trail doesn’t care how shiny your setup is, as long as it gets you out there and back. For more analysis related to hiking, check out these pages: What's Driving the Increase in Hiking? Just How Popular is the Great Outdoors and What's Driving It? Solo Hiking: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly Five Mental Benefits of Hiking What do “hike”, “backpacking”, and “camping” etc., mean?